Sunmary; . Introduction; Survey of soil resources; Soil correlation; Soil map and legend; Soil pattern of Singapore; Land use; Soil reference s1tes and their analyses; Rengam; Jerangau; Ayer Terjun; 'Peng Siang (Choa Chu Kang); Lokyang; Harimau and Tampoi; Properties of sewage sludge; Quantities; Physical properties; Chemical composition; Biological problems; Tests on subsoils for mixing with sewage sludge ; Wet sludge; Dried sludge; Synthetic topsoil; Preparatory work in New Zealand; Mixing procedures in Singapore; Production machinery; Coarse components for synthetic topsoil; Pot trials; Lime treatment of synthetic topsoil ; Components of synthetic topsoil ; Field trials ; Fruit trees ; Grassing from seed ; Turfing reclaimed land ; Utilisation of sewage sludge ; Dried sludge bagged for sale ; Dried sludge for synthetic topsoil ; Dried sludge for tree and shrub maintenance ; Dried sludge for soil improvement ; Wet sludge tankered to farms for crops ; Wet sludge for orchards and plantations ; Wet sludge for rolled turf culture ; Wet sludge for grassing reclamations ; Wet sludge for green feed production ; Wet sludge for synthetic topsoil ; Conclusions ; Selective bibliography ; Appendix - Soil Association map and legend Each day 300 m3 of dried digested sewage sludge are produced in Singapore. Disposal of this amount within a very limited land area is difficult and suitable areas for disposal at sea are not available. Attempts are being made to construct a programme of sludge utilisation that could improve the environment and help to overcome the adverse effects of urbanisation and industrialisation on the island. A survey of the soil resources of Singapore was undertaken as part of the investigations into sludge utilisation. This report includes laboratory data for the chemical and physical properties of 8 reference soils. General field data and a soil map of Singapore are contained in a separate survey report by D.W.Ives. The soils of Singapore have low amounts of organic matter and are poor in chemical nutrients. While digested sewage sludge can be used to correct these deficiencies, care has to be taken not to exceed the physical capacity of the soil to cope with sludge and not to upset the balance of elements in plants.
