Earthworms are the most important members of the soil detritivore community and function as soil engineers because of their effects on soil properties and their influence on the availability of resources for other organisms, including microorganisms and plants. Soil productivity and plant growth are strongly affected by biological activities of earthworms. They act on soil structures through creation of burrows which facilitate water and gas transport, incorporation of litter into soil, mixing of soil minerals, organic materials and breaking down of soil organic matter, ejection of surface and or subsurface casts. Earthworms have positive effects on the soil fabric and on the decomposition and mineralization of litter by breaking down organic matter and producing large amounts of feaces, thereby mixing litter with the mineral soil. Therefore, they play an important part humus form changes according to the patterns of plant communities succession. Consequently, they are also good bio-indicators for soil and site quality, and are thus useful when planning ecosystem function improvements. Earthworm's populations are indicators in degraded regions and in soil reclamations. Aristole called them "intestines of the earth" and the eminent nineteenth century biologist, Charles Darwin, spent many years observing their major influence on humus formation and soil transport .
