This book integrates the different prospective, scientific and practical experience of researchers as well as beneficiaries and stakeholders in the field of forest conservation in Southeast Europe. The book stresses the importance of improving the adaptability of these ecosystems to the impacts of climate change. Gathered around a common idea, the book presents the latest results in forest genetic resources conservation at national and regional level. The chapters are written by experts from: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, FYR Macedonia, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. The book presents the current state, legal and institutional framework for conservation and management of forest genetic resources, case studies and best practices in the application of different conservation methods and techniques (in situ and ex situ) as well as climate change aspects in this area. This book will be of particular interest to scientists and experts in the field of forestry, environmental protection and rural development, bachelor, master and doctoral students, as well as for anyone interested in the conservation issues fuelled by ethical and economic motives. State of Forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ecological and Vegetation Distribution, Management and Genetic Variability; Wild Fruit Tree Species of Montenegrin Forests; Forests, Forestry and the Slovenian Forest Genetic Resources Programme; Conservation and Management of Forest Genetic Resources in Macedonia; The Current State of Forest Genetic Resources in Romania; The Current State of Forest Genetic Resources in Romania; The Current State of Forest Genetic Resources in Romania; Institutional Framework for Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources in Serbia; Legal and Institutional Framework for Forest Genetic Resources Conservation in Bulgaria; Preview of the Activities Related to In Situ Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources in Serbia; Selection and Breeding of Fast Growing Trees for Multiple Purposes in Serbia; Register of Wild Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Plus Trees in Slovenia; International European Beech Provenance Trial Kamenski hrib/Straža in Slovenia.