European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Actions provide excellent fora for promoting
interactions between scientists involved in specialised research areas, mainly within the EU, but also including
colleagues from all over the world. The FRAXBACK Action arose in response to the spread of ash dieback
caused by an invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which was probably accidentally introduced
into northern Europe in the 1980s. The first outbreaks occurred in Northeastern Poland and in Lithuania in the
1990s, although the cause was unknown until several years later, following which the problem spread inexorably
through much of northern Europe where common ash, Fraxinus excelsior, occurs and also into stands of narrowleaved ash (F. angustifolia) further south in Europe. Management and use of Ash in Britain from the prehistoric to the present: some implications for its Preservation; J. PRATT; Who has a stake in ash dieback? A conceptual framework for the identification and categorisation of tree health stakeholders; N. DANDY, M.MARZANO, E. F. PORTH, J. URQUHART, C. POTTER; Socio-economic outcomes of ash die-back in Romania; M. DRĂGOI, D. CHIRA, O. POPOVICI; Ash dieback in Austria – history, current situation and outlook; B. HEINZE, H. TIEFENBACHER, R. LITSCHAUER, T. KIRISITS; Ash dieback in Wallonia, southern Belgium: research on disease development, resistance & management Options; A. CHANDELIER, L. DELAHAYE, H. CLAESSENS, L. LASSOIS; Ash dieback in Flanders (Belgium): research on disease development, resistance & management; G. SIOEN, P. ROSKAMS, B. DE CUYPER, M. STEENACKERS; Ash dieback in Switzerland: history and scientific achievements; V. QUELOZ, S. HOPF, C. N. SCHOEBEL, D. RIGLING, A. GROSS; Ash and ash dieback in the Czech Republic; J. ROZSYPÁLEK, M. DVOŘÁK, R. LONGAUER, L. BOTELLA, M. PROUZA, D. PALOVČÍKOVÁ, L. JANKOVSKÝ; Ash dieback in Germany: research on disease development, resistance and management options; R. ENDERLE, B. FUSSI, H. D. LENZ, G. LANGER, R. NAGEL, B.METZLER; Genetics of ash dieback resistance in a restoration context – experiences from Denmark; E. D. KJÆR, L. V.MCKINNEY, L. N. HANSEN, D. C. OLRIK, A. LOBO, I. M. THOMSEN, J.K. HANSEN, L.R. NIELSEN; Overview of ash and ash dieback in Estonia; R. DRENKHAN, A. AGAN, K. PALM, R. ROSENVALD, L. JÜRISOO, T.MAATEN, A. PADARI, T. DRENKHAN; Ash dieback on the island of Ireland; A. R.MCCRACKEN, G. C. DOUGLAS, C. RYAN, M. DESTEFANIS, L. R. COOKE; From the Alps to the Apennines: possible spread of ash dieback in Mediterranean areas; L. GHELARDINI, D. MIGLIORINI, A. SANTINI, A. L. PEPORI, G. MARESI, N. VAI, C. MONTUSCHI, E. CARRARI, M.; FEDUCCI, P. CAPRETTI, N. LUCHI; Ash dieback in Lithuania: disease history, research on impact and genetic variation in disease resistance, tree breeding and options for forest management; A. PLIŪRA, R. BAKYS, V. SUCHOCKAS, D.MARČIULYNIENĖ, A. GUSTIENĖ, V. VERBYLA, V. LYGIS; Ash dieback in Norway – current situation; I. BØRJA, V. TIMMERMANN, A. M. HIETALA, M. M. TOLLEFSRUD, N. E. NAGY, A. VIVIAN-SMITH, H. CROSS, J. H.; SØNSTEBØ, T.MYKING, H. SOLHEIM; Ash dieback in Poland – history of the phenomenon and possibilities of its limitation; W. GIL, T. KOWALSKI, W. KRAJ, T. ZACHARA, J. ŁUKASZEWICZ, R. PALUCH, J. A. NOWAKOWSKA, T. OSZAKO; Evolution of ash dieback in Romania; D. CHIRA, F. CHIRA, I. TĂUT, O. POPOVICI, I. BLADA, N. DONIŢĂ, C. BÂNDIU, V. GANCZ, I. A. BIRIŞ, F. POPESCU, Ş. TĂNASIE, C. DINU; Ash and ash dieback in Sweden: a review of disease history, current status, pathogen and host dynamics, host tolerance and management options in forests and landscapes; M. CLEARY, D. NGUYEN, L. G. STENER, J. STENLID, J. P. SKOVSGAARD; The ash and ash dieback in Slovakia; V. LONGAUEROVÁ, A. KUNCA, R. LONGAUER, M.MAĽOVÁ, R. LEONTOVYČ; The current situation concerning severity and causes of ash dieback in Ukraine caused by Hymenoscyphus Fraxineus; K. DAVYDENKO, V.MESHKOVA; The ash resource and the response to ash dieback in Great Britain; J. CLARK, J.WEBBER; Differences in susceptibility to Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (dieback of ash) of selections of Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in The Netherlands – Report of the observations and results of 2012 and 2015; S. M. G. DE VRIES, J. KOPINGA; Ash DieBack (ADB) in amenity trees in the city of Amsterdam – development of a monitoring system and the first results of a large-scale survey in 2015; J. KOPINGA, S. M. G. DE VRIES; Ash Dieback – a continuing threat to veteran ash trees? ; V. BENGTSSON, A. STENSTRÖM; An overview of ash species in Greece: ecology, biology and taxonomy, silviculture, genetics and health Status; K. SPANOS, D. GAITANIS; Fraxinus angustifolia and forest health in Portugal - an overview; H. BRAGANÇA, M. C. VARELA; Vegetative propagation of dieback-tolerant Fraxinus excelsior on commercial scale; G. C. DOUGLAS, J. M. NAMARA, K. O’CONNELL, L. DUNNE, J. GRANT
