Climate change shaped the political agenda during the last decade with three issues as hot topics: commonly making the headlines: carbon budgets, impact and mitigation of climate change. Given the significant role that forests play in the climate system – as sources, sinks, and through carbon trading – this book update the current scientific evidences on the relationships between climate, forest resources and forest management practices around the world. By including the forest scientists’ expertise from around the world, the book presents and updates a depth analysis of the current knowledge, and a series of case studies focused on the biological and the economic impacts of climate change in forest ecosystems in Africa, Asia, Europe and North and South America. The book will form a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students dealing with sustainable forestry, climate change issues and the effects of climate change on natural resource management. Part I Introduction; Introduction; Felipe Bravo, Robert Jandl, Valerie LeMay, and Klaus von Gadow; Part II Overwiew of Climate Change and Forest Reponses; A Mechanistic View of the Capacity of Forests to Cope with Climate Change; Fernando Valladares; Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate European Mountain Forests; Robert Jandl, Mirco Rodeghiero, Andreas Schindlbacher, and Frank Hagedorn; Part III Monitoring and Modeling; Estimating Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes in Forests: Linking Models and Data Across Scales; V. LeMay and W.A. Kurz; Forest Eco-Physiological Models: Water Use and Carbon Sequestration; D. Nadal-Sala, T.F. Keenan, S. Sabaté, and C. Gracia; Influence of Climatic Variables on Crown Condition in Pine Forests of Northern Spain; A.V. Sanz-Ros, J.A. Pajares, and J.J. Díez; Changing Trends of Biomass and Carbon Pools in Mediterranean Pine Forests; Cristina Gómez, Joanne C. White, and Michael A. Wulder; REDD+ and Carbon Markets: The Ethiopian Process; Julian Gonzalo, Solomon Zewdie, Eyob Tenkir, and Yitebitu Moges; Part IV Economic and Management Impacts; Influence of Carbon Sequestration in an Optimal Set of Coppice Rotations for Eucalyptus Plantations; Luis Diaz-Balteiro and Luiz C.E. Rodríguez; Use of Forests and Wood Products to Mitigate Climate Change; L. Valsta, B. Lippke, J. Perez-Garcia, K. Pingoud, J. Pohjola, and B. Solberg; Biomass Forest in Sweden and Carbon Emissions Balance; Tord Johansson; Innovation in the Value Chain of Wood Products: Data, Equations and Life-Cycle Analysis; I. Lizarralde, F. Rodríguez, and F. Bravo; Forest Carbon Sequestration: The Impact of Forest Management; Felipe Bravo, Miren del Río, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Carlos del Peso, and Gregorio Montero; Effects of Forest Age Structure, Management and Gradual Climate Change on Carbon Sequestration and Timber Production in Finnish Boreal Forests; Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo, Ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain, Seppo Kellomäki, and Heli Peltola; Part V Case Studies; Mediterranean Pine Forests: Management Effects on Carbon Stocks; Miren del Río, Ignacio Barbeito, Andrés Bravo-Oviedo, Rafael Calama, Isabel Cañellas, Celia Herrero, Gregorio; Montero, Dianel Moreno-Fernández, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, and Felipe Bravo; Carbon Sequestration of Ponderosa Pine Plantations in Northwestern Patagonia; P. Laclau, E. Andenmatten, F.J. Letourneau, and G. Loguercio; Assessing Pine Wilt Disease Risk Under a Climate Change Scenario in Northwestern Spain; G. Pérez, J.J. Díez, F. Ibeas, and J.A. Pajares; Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Under Different Tropical Cover Types in Colombia; Flavio Moreno, Steven F. Oberbauer, and Wilson Lara; Modelling of Carbon Sequestration in Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) Plantations; Engku Azlin Rahayu Engku Ariff, Mohd Nazip Suratman, and Shamsiah Abdullah; Carbon Sequestration in Mediterranean Oak Forests; Isabel Cañellas, Mariola Sánchez-González, Stella M. Bogino,Patricia Adame, Daniel Moreno-Fernández, Celia Herrero, Sonia Roig, Margarida Tomé, Joana A. Paulo, and Felipe Bravo; Forest Management in the Sahel and Ethiopian Highlands and Impacts on Climate Change; Wubalem Tadesse, Mulugeta Lemenih, and Shiferaw Alem