Ecological connectivity within forest ecosystems is a cornerstone of preserving biodiversity and enhancing ecosystem resilience. The interplay between ecological conditions, historical influences, and socioeconomic factors shapes the connectivity of forest landscapes, and the decisions made by policymakers and stakeholders entail consequences for ecosystem health and sustainability. The following comprehensive exploration delves into the integration of ecological connectivity concepts in national and international policies. International policies highlight the importance of connectivity for biodiversity protection. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework emphasise the role of connectivity in halting biodiversity loss and ensuring the success of restoration efforts. Other conventions such as Ramsar and World Heritage contribute to the preservation of crucial habitats. National and transnational strategies underline the growing emphasis on ecological connectivity as a tool for linking biodiversity-rich areas. Policies across the globe reflect the global recognition of the importance of connectivity. Restoring connectivity involves a range of strategies from revitalising urban forests to preserving rural landscapes and beyond, all while considering the unique needs of diverse ecosystems. Conservation efforts to enhance connectivity include expanding protected regions, creating wildlife corridors, providing incentives for forest management, and the use of various indicators. Local strategies are key in this regard, with policymakers considering regional biodiversity data and updating connectivity models to identify potential corridors and forest patches for species movement. Recommendations include policy integration, transnational cooperation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and technological integration. Climate change mitigation policies highlight the importance of connectivity in landscapes altered by human activities, suggesting a multifaceted approach to ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change. In order to pave the way to a sustainable and resilient future for forests, it is essential to align global, national, and local initiatives and adopt a holistic approach to connectivity conservation.
