Die Anwendung von Eiparasiten der Gattung Trichogramma im biologischen Pflanzenschutz in Deutschland - Geschichte, Erfolge und Aussichten für die Zukunft

1998

S. 83-109

52 Lit. Ang.

Unselbständiges Werk

200100331

Species of the hymenopterous genus Trichogramma (Hym., Trichogrammatidae) occur world wide on a broad range of crops and hosts. At present, about 17 different Trichogramma species are being mass reared to control pests on 18 million hectares in 16 countries. The first attempt to use Trichogramma in biological control in Germany is dated back to 1926 when experiments were carried out at the Federal Biological Research Centre (BBA) in Berlin to control cabbage pests. This was followed by trials on wine (Neustadt an der Haardt - 1928), corn (Baden - 1939), forst (Hannoversch Münden - 1934), and apple (Darmstadt - 1960). Starting from 1972, intensive research on Trichogramma was conducted at the (BBA) Institute for Biological Pest Control in Darmstadt. Emphasis was given to the selection of effective species to be used in biological control. Research was carried out to increase efficacy by improving mass production techniques, quality control, application time, releasing device and dose. At present, two companies produce Trichogramma for commercial use and about 7000ha of corn are being treated annually to control the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis. Commercial applications on smaller areas are also being made on plums (Cydia funebrana), cabbage (Mamestra brassicae), apple (Cydia pomonella, Adoxophyes orana), stored products (Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia kuehniella). At present, research is being made to select more effective Trichogramma species to control pests on wine (Eupoecilia ambiguella, Lobesia botrana) and to increase the efficacy of the parasitoid, especially on apple.