Die Nadelgehölze und ihre Variabilität in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik

1988

S. 109-120

4 Abb., 4 Tab., 14 Lit. Ang.

Unselbständiges Werk

200082957

In the northern Part of the Mongolian People's Republic the connected forest stands are formed only by a few little important species. Their natural distribution is a continuation of the whole Siberian area, forming its southern frontier. (Of the 4 million hectare area with 6.6% mean afforestation, the larch covers 6,810,000 ha, the Siberian pine 1,115,000 ha, and the Scotch pine 655,000 ha; other species having no important area representation.) All these woody plants lend themselves for comparison with the specimens of the same species naturally growing in Europe, which was done with the material collected during the two research trips (1966 and 1973) using present biometrical methods. The Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris) yielded cones for evaluation with flat scales, typ subcarpatica (Staszkiewicz, 1961, 1968), but rarely also cones with markedly developed apophyses (type gibba) are found. For details cf. the author's earlier publication (Svoboda, 1971). In the Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica) the seed- nuts wre evaluated comparing them with the specimens from Siberia (Sajana), Carpathians (Gorgana) and Europe (Korzeniewski, 1973), later also with those from the High Tatras (Pinus cembra). No significant differences were observed between the above specimens (Svoboda, 1970a, b). In the spruce (Picea obovata) the evaluation aimed at the differences between spruce specimens from Mongolia and Europe (Picea abies - in which also cones of type obovata are described). Main differences were discovered in cone length and in the number of scales (Svoboda, 1976). In the last and most important coniferous woody plant of this area, the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), possible differences from Larix dahurica were sought for, the latter being, however, newly only documented from the area of Buryat ASSR (S of the town of Cita). For mutual comparison of biometrical values older reports on European larches were used, Larix decidua and Larix polonica (Kucera, 1975). Big cones (type macrocarpa) are only very rarely found in natural stands of these larches. Material for evaluation was obtained in the author's own collection, especially in the unique reservation Bogdo Ula and other forest stands. Biometrical evaluation gives a true picture of the specimens variability. To plot the data obtained, graphical method used in the Cracow biometrical school of Prof. Jentys-Szaferowa was utilized. All the data should be considered as preliminary, since they require verification on more extensive material specimens coming from a larger number of localities. For the time being no experimental plantations (provenience tests) succeeded in establishing as it is usual in the economically important woody species.