In vitro-Techniken als Hilfen der Generhaltung : Erhaltung forstlicher Genressourcen. Vortragstagung der Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzuechtung

1990

S. 161-171

1 Abb., 25 Lit. Ang.

Unselbständiges Werk

200045143

By the effort of intensive research work on cell and tissue culture techniques the morphogenetic potential of organs, tissues, single cells and protoplasts from woody plants was discovered during the last decade. In vitro methods have been refined to the point where juvenile and in some cases also adult genotypes of forest trees can be identically propagated. Application of tissue culture techniques leads to the regeneration of callus tissue, somatic embryos, adventitious and axillary shoots. Sucess of propagtion still depends on the degree of juvenility in the starting material. In some cases the rejuvenation of adult genotypes is acheived by in vitro techniques. On the other hand rejuvenation is a necessity for the effective multiplicated of genotypes in vitro. After rooting and adaption of plantlets to the outdoor conditions brave new plantlings could bei released to the forest or would provide an excellent stock material for conventional propagation. Their genetic identity can be tested by biochemical methods. Because of the desaster of forest decline in europe and the disturbance of natural reproduction of forest tees it will be necessary to preserve their genetic diversity. Especially tree species which produce only few and recalcitrant seeds and those which are normally propagated vegetatively should also be propagated in vitro. After establishment sterile cultures will require transfers to fresh medium and specific treatments to keep them growing. Actively growing cultures would allow continous propagation independant of seasons. By the control of light and temperature the growth of cultures could be retarded, thereby extending its subculture interval. Cryopreservation would possibly allow long-term storage without time limit, but more research will be necessary for the successful recovery of stored material. A concept of gene preservation in forestry gene banks is described. This concept combines propagation of forest trees by conventional methods as well as application of methods of plant biotechnology.