Topics covered are: global issues and national surveys; morphology and molecular methods of identification of PWN; ecology and epidemiology; quarantine issues; tree physiology, resistance and histopathology; biology of PWN and relationships to its cerambycid vectors; control methods. General quarantine and political views are also presented. This volume will be of value and interest to researchers in the area of forest nematology, forest entomology, forest protection, epidemiology, tree physiology and histopathology, as well as to decision-makers such as local administrators and government officials, due to the larger economic and political implications.