Age effects on Norway spruce (Picea abies) susceptibility to ozone uptake: a novel approach relating stress avoidance to defense

Victoria

2002

S. 583-590

Bandaufführung

9439S

89492

Cumulative ozone (O3) uptake and O3 flux were related to physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees of different ages. Under ambient CO2-conditions, photosynthetic capacity (Amax) declined in mature trees when cumulative O3 uptake into needles, which provides a measure of effective O3 dose, exceeded 21 mmol m®¬ of total needle surface area. A comparable decline in Amax of seedlings occurred when cumulative O3 uptake was only 4.5 mmol m®¬. The threshold O3 flux causing a significant decline in Amax ranged between 2.14 and 2.45 mmol m®¬ s®Ü in mature trees and seedlings subjected to exposure periods of >/_ 70 and >/_ 23 days, respectively. The greater O3 sensitivity of young trees compared with mature trees was associated with needle morphology. Biomass of a 100-needle sample increased significantly with tree age, whereas a negative correlation was found for specific leaf area, these changes parallel those observed during differentation from shade-type to sun-type needles with tree ontogeny. Agedependent changes in leaf morphology were related to changes in detoxification capacity, with area-based concentrations of ascorbate increasing during tree ontogeny. These findings indicate that the extent of O3-induced injury is related to the ratio of potentially available antioxidants to O3 influx. Because this ratio, when calculated for ascorbate, increased with tree age, we conclude that the ratio may serve as empirical basis for characterizing age-related differences in tree responses to O3.