The Evolution of Alpine Norway Spruce During Immigration Into High Altitudes and its Consequences : Norway Spruce Provenances and Breeding. Proceedings of the IUFRO S2.2-11 Symposium

Rīgā

1993

S. 68-78

34 Lit. Ang.

Bandaufführung

13366

77241

Research results that show the adaptation of Norway spruce to the mountainous climate by a long selection process are summarized. Primarily the short vegetation period induces an early bud formation and preparation to dormancy by a photoperiodic reaction, but also a higher frost resistance and a less influence of environmental factors are combined with it. These effects are also to perceive when progenies are grown in lowland. But seed size and cotyledon number also influences these reactions so that seeds from high altitude origin - grown larger under good conditions as in an orchard - are not so well adapted to the origin environment when brought back. The immigration of tree genera into the mountains mostly is given by evolution of different species for the altitudinal adaptation. Norway spruce had formed different genetic types that have best chances for altitudinal separation. This paper shows several research results about this problem. It is divided into several points that show the pheno - and the genotypic adaptation to the mountains and the effect to plant growth and (climatic) resistance. Similar effects are given for the adaptation to the Nordic conditions.