Aphid Biology and Spruce Forests in Britain

1990

1 Abb., 16 Lit. Ang.

Unselbständiges Werk

9841

200090215

The list of aphids from spruce exceeds that of other conifers in Britain. Spruce is not indigenous to Britain and Sitka spruce is now the most extensively planted forest tree and is particularly favoured in the west where it thrives in the relatively mild oceanic climate. Most of the 14 known aphid species that have arrived here have retained their original holocyclic style of existence from their place of origin. One species, Elatobium abietinum, (Walker) is invariably anholocyclic and produces a succession of apterous generations throughout the winter months. If unchecked by freezing weather, the defoliation that occurs results in losses in tree growth which may lead to other aphid problems.