Bioeconomy It includes all primary production sectors that use and produce biological resources (agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture); and all economic and industrial sectors that use biological resources and processes to produce food, feed, bio-based products, energy and services. Ecosystem service A service people obtain from the environment. Ecosystem services are the transformation of natural assets (soil, plants and
animals, air and water) into things that we value. They include provisioning food and water; regulating
services such as flood and disease control; spiritual, recreational, and cultural benefits; or supporting services like nutrient cycling that maintain the conditions for life on Earth. Epiphyte An organism that grows on the surface of
a tree and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain or from debris accumulating around it. Forest Land with tree crown cover of more than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 ha. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m at maturity in situ. Forest available for wood supply Forest where any legal, economic, or specific environmental restrictions do not have a significant impact on the supply of wood. FSC Forest Stewardship Council is an international non-profit, market-based certification program for forests GDP Gross Domestic Product is a measure of the total economic activity, reflecting both growth in the economy and price change (inflation).
Genotype The genetic constitution of an organism as distinguished from its appearance or phenotype. Growing stock The volume of timber in living trees. It is also often referred to as the standing volume. Hectare Unit of area defined as 10 000 square metres (100 m by 100 m). Increment The increase in diameter, height, volume, quality or value of individual trees or stands during a given period. Typically, increment is expressed on an annual basis.
Litter raking Removal of leaves and needles from the forest floor to substitute for straw to bind the manure of animals held in stables (e.g. cattle, sheep, horse, pig). Other wooded land Land either with a tree crown cover of 5-10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity in situ; or a crown cover of more than 10 percent of trees not able to reach a height of 5 m at maturity in situ and shrub or bush cover. PEFC Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification is a global alliance of national forest certification systems. Peri-urban An area immediately adjacent to a city or urban area. Provenance The original geographic source of seed or pollen, or propagules. In forestry literature the term is usually considered synonymous with ‘geographic origin’. Social health Ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with other persons. It is a vital part of overall health and wellbeing as social relationships are protective of mental health. Thinning A felling made in an immature forest stand in order primarily to accelerate diameter increment of the remaining trees, but also to salvage potential
mortality and, by suitable selection, to improve the average form of the remaining trees. What do you see when you think about forests? Forest benefits to EU citizens: EU 27 forests in a nutshell; How did EU 27 forests develop and why do they difer from those of the past? Who owns the forests and how are they managed? What do people think about forests in the EU? How has climate change affected EU forests and what might happen next? To manage or not to manage – how can we support forests to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts? How does forest management affect biodiversity? What role do forests play in the water cycle? How can forests improve human health and well-being? How can trees and forests support sustainable and climate friendly cities? How does forest management and the use of wood contribute to economic prosperity and employment? How can a forest-based bioeconomy support biodiversity and climate.
