Small-format aerial photography : principles, techniques and geoscience applications

1. ed.

Amsterdam

2010

XI, 266 S.

zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.

Monographie

978-0-444-53260-2

175118

As the need for geographical data rapidly expands in the 21st century, so too do applications of small-format aerial photography for a wide range of scientific, commercial and governmental purposes. Small-format Aerial Photography (SFAP) presents basic and advanced principles and techniques with an emphasis on digital cameras. Unmanned platforms are described in considerable detail, including kites, helium and hot-air blimps, model airplanes, and paragliders. Several case studies, primarily drawn from the geosciences, are presented to demonstrate how SFAP is actually used in various applications. Many of these integrate SFAP with ground-based investigations as well as conventional large-format aerial photography, satellite imagery, and other kinds of geographic information.Full-color photographs throughout
*Case studies from around the globe
*Techniques presented allow for image resolution impossible to match via traditional aerial photography or satellite datasets
*Glossary clarifies key terms
Geoinformationssystem, Luftbild, Bildverarbeitung; Geoinformationssystem; Luftbild; Bildverarbeitung; Aerial photography; Image processing ; Digital techniques; Geographic information systems; Methoden und Techniken der Geowissenschaften; Luftaufnahmen, Photogrammetrie
Chapter 1. Introduction to Small-Format Aerial Photography ; Overview ; Brief History ; Nineteenth Century ; . Twentieth Century ; . Photography and Imagery ; Conventional Aerial Photography ; SFAP ; Chapter 2. Basic Principles of Small-Format Aerial Photography ; Remote Sensing ; Ideal Remote Sensing ; . Actual SFAP ; Common Aspects of SFAP ; Image Vantage ; Photographic Scale and Resolution ; Relief Displacement ; . Stereoscopic Images ; Photographic Storage ; Chapter 3. Photogrammetry ; Geometry of Single Photographs ; Vertical Photography ; Tilted Photography ; Interior Orientation ; Exterior Orientation ; Geometry of Stereophotographs ; Principle of Stereoscopic Viewing ; Base-Height Ratio and Stereoscopic Coverage ; 3D Measurements from Stereomodels ; Creating Stereomodels with Aerial Triangulation by Bundle-Block Adjustment ; Quantitative Analysis of Photographs ; Measuring and Mapping from Single Photographs ; Manual Measuring and Mapping from Stereomodels ; Automatic DEM Extraction from Stereomodels ; Chapter 4. Lighting and Atmospheric Conditions ; Introduction ; Multiview-Angle Effects ; Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function ; . Multispectral Effects ; Latitude and Seasonal Conditions ; Clouds ; Shadows ; Chapter 5. Photographic Composition ; Basic Elements of Photographic Composition ; Oblique and Vertical Views ; . Linear Features ; Image Depth ; . Pattern and Texture ; Color ; Combining Compositional Elements ; . Photographs vs. Human Vision ; Chapter 6. Cameras for Small-Format Aerial Photography; Film Camera Basics; Digital Camera Basics; Types of Digital Cameras; Image Sensors; Image File Formats; Camera Geometry and Light; Focal Length; Lens Aperture; Shutter Speed; Film Speed or ISO Rating; . Camera Exposure Settings; Image Degradation; -Infrared Photography; Camera Capabilities for SFAP; Camera Lens; . Image Sensor; File Format; Camera Type; Chapter 7. Camera Mounting Systems ; Camera Operation ; Detachable Mounts ; Single-Camera Suspended Rigs ; . Multiple-Camera Suspended Rigs ; Attaching Suspendable Mounts to a Platform ; Detactable Modular Unit Mounts ; Fixed Mounts ; Chapter 8. Platforms for Small-Format Aerial Photography ; Manned Light-Sport Aircraft ; Powered Light-Sport Aircraft ; Unpowered Light-Sport Aircraft ; Lighter-Than-Air Platforms ; Lifting Gases ; Helium Blimp ; Hot-Air Blimp ; Kite Aerial Photography ; Kites for SFAP ; Kite-Flying Equipment ; Ground Operations ; Drones for SFAP ; Basic Model Airplane ; Autopiloted Model Airplane ; Powered Paraglider ; Pros and Cons of Different Platforms ; Chapter 9. SFAP Survey Planning and Implementation ; ; Travel and Equipment Logistics ; Site Accessibility and Characteristics ; Local Site Accessibility ;. Flight Obstacles ; Local Wind Conditions ;. High-Altitude SFAP . Ground Control ;GCP Installation ; GCP Coordinate Measurement ; Flight Planning Considerations ; Image Scale and Resolution ;. Stereoscopic and Large-Area ; Flight Planning Example ; Initial Calculations: Complete; Revised Calulations: Optimal Image Resolution ;Consequences for Aerial Survey Design; Ideal Flightline Calculation; Flight Planning for Oblique SFAP; Legal Issues; German Regulations; Regulations in the United States and Other Countries; Insurance ;Chapter 10. Image Interpretation; Image Interpretability; SFAP Interpretation; Water and Drainage; Geomorphology; Vegetation and Agriculture; Cultural Heritage and Archaeology; . Soils ; Chapter 11. Image Processing and Analysis ; Introduction ; Geometric Correction and Georeferencing ; Reference Coordinate Systems ; Image Rectification ; Image Mosaics ; . Image Enhancement ; Correcting Lens-Dependent Aberrations ; Contrast Enhancement ; Image Filtering ; Image Transformations ; Image Ratios and Vegetation; Principal Components Analysis and Color-Space Transformations Image Classification ; Stereoviewing and Photogrammetric Analysis ; Creating Simple On-Screen ; Stereoviews ; Using Printouts Under a Stereoscope ; Digital Stereoviewing ; Stereoscopic Measuring and Mapping ; DEM Generation ; Software for SFAP Analysis ; Chapter 12. Glacial Geomorphology ; Glacial Erosion ; Glacial Deposition ; Glacial Deformation ; Chapter 13. Gully Erosion Monitoring ; Study Sites and Survey ; Gully Mapping and Change Analysis ; Prairie Marshes and Playas, Kansas ; Cheyenne Bottoms ; Dry Lake ; Chapter 15. Biocontrol of Salt Cedar ; Salt Cedar Problem ; USBR Study Site ; Analysis of KAP Results ; Chapter 16. Vegetation and Erosion ; Monitoring Vegetation and Erosion; ; Influence of Grazing on Vegetation Cover ; Combating Desertification and Soil Degradation ; Chapter 17. Soil Mapping and Soil Degradation ; Soils and Long-Term Human Land Use ; Chapter 18. Architecture and Property Management ; Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri ; Property Management, Lake Kahola, Kansas ; Summary ; Wetland Environments; Raised Bogs, Estonia; Endla Nature Reserve; Nigula Nature Reserve; Chapter 19. Golf Course Management; Overview; Garden City, Kansas