The book deals with one of the most important problems of the contemporary forest portection which is the complex disease involving many abiotic and biotic factors. Interaction between different agents is demonstrated in the case study of the European Oak Decline phenomenon. Deteriorating of the health status of oaks in Europe has affected every country in Europe over the last 100 years. The analysis of predisposing, inciting and contributing factors in chosen incidents of the oak decline in different parts of Europe is given and relevant hypotheses are discussed. The first chapter shows the history, course and consequences of the oak decline in Europe whereas the following chapters concentrate on the specificity of the phenomenon in zones with similar climatic conditions. The interdisciplinary problem solving approach tries to look at the problem from different perspectives: silviculture, phytopathology, enthomology, plant physiology and genetics.