Immissionsmessungen zur Luftüberwachung im Lande Nordrhein-Westfalen

Wien

Forstliche Bundesversuchsanstalt

1972

S. 45-52

1 Abb.

Unselbständiges Werk

200144438

Wirkungen von Luftverunreinigungen auf Waldbäume ; Nr. 97/I, S. 45-52

For some years now, measuring programmes have been made over an area of about 6,000 sq km to determine the pollution in the industrial conurbations on the Rhine and Ruhr. They provide information on pollution by various atmospheric pollutants occurring at a large number of measuring points, and therefore provide a basis for the use and evaluation of technical and planning measures points, and therefore provide a basis for the use and evaluation of technical and planning measures to keep the air clean, and especially for authorization work within the framework of the regulations. Organization and planning of the measurements are arranged so that the pollution levels per unit area can be given per sq km. The measuring points are arranged in a one kilometre square grid and are distributed at random in relation ot the position of the pollution sources, and this excludes any systematic error in the measured values. The individual measurements are distributed uniformly over the evaluation period (one year). Systematic effects of daily patterns of concentration are avoided by random distribution of the measuring times. Sets of about 100 individual measured values are used to evaluate each area; as in programme I (dust deposition) and III (sulphur dioxide), these values come from the corners of the area being evaluated, or as in programme IV they come from sampling measurements and additional points. The pollution paramets I1 and I2 are derived from these collected values. Programme IV supports its predictions by regression estimates, and is the optimum as regards the ratio of expenditure to amount of information obtained. As it is not tied to particular components, it is possible to determine connections between the pollution levels of different components. Programme II, also known as the "smog waning service", is primarily to recognize acute meterologically-caused danger situations in good time. Its results also enable prediction on long-term trends. Manaual discontinuous or automatic measuring methods are used in the different pollution measurement programmes, depending on the particular problem. In particular, the technique of discontinuous measurement has reached a high state of development in the Landesanstalt, not least because of ciritical evaluation of the characteristics of the method. At the moment, the Landesanstalt is already using as, or is capable of using, routine methods to measure the following pollutants: hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, ozone, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, nitrogen monomixde, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen phosphide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbon disulphide, phenol, formaldehyde, hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromates, gaseous organic substances, dust, aerosols (long- and short-term measurement), lead an zine in dust, and lead in aerosols.